下面是写作中经常犯的一些错误,加上我的分析,希望对大家能有所帮助。
1. 概念的错误
在写作中,有类词语表面上看似乎是对的,但实际上却没有表达出你想要表达的意思,有时恰恰适得其反。用这类词语写成的英语句子常常引起误解。
① (误)When we go into society after graduation, we will encounter many difficulties.
(正)When we start to work after graduation, we will encounter many difficulties.
“go into society”没有汉语“进入社会”的含义。在西方,它是指一个人到一定的年龄可以开始社会交往,如结交异性朋友,进入某些社交或公共场所等。而汉语“进入社会”一般指学生中学或大学毕业后参加工作。
② (误)Left alone in the jungle at night ,she felt very dangerous.
(正)Left alone in the jungle at night, she felt t hat she was in great danger.
“dangerous”与作者要表达的意思完全相反。说某人dangerous,实际上是说他在某一方面对某人构成危胁,而不是处于危险的境地。这个词用错,意思就完全变了。原意是“她”感到处于危险中。
2、搭配不当
用词搭配是我国学生学英语最感棘手的地方,在雅思写作中,这种错误也是经常出现的,所以希望大家引起重视,因为中文里的某些词语在不同的语境里,英语有不同的说法,而这些说法是约定俗成的,完全是习惯用法所致,我们稍有不慎,便会犯错。现举一些考生在考试中常犯的错误:
① (误)At college, we should learn as much knowledge as possible so that we can be well prepared for our future career.
(正)At college, we should acquire as much knowledge as possible so t hat we can be well prepared for our future career.
“学习知识”是学生写作时经常用到的词组,但不少学生都写成learn knowledge,实际上knowledge是不能与learn搭配的,只能与acquire,obtain,absorb,accumulate,develop,advance,gain,broaden,enlarge,impart,derive,deepen, brush up, digest等词搭配使用。
② (误)In July, they will take part in the final term examinations.
(正)In July, they will take the final term examinations.
“examination”或“test”不能与“take part in”搭配使用,但可以和attend, have, sit for,conduct, enter for, get through, pass, fail等词语用在一起。
3、用词累赘
由于对某些词和词组的意思缺乏真正的理解或把要表达的意思先用中文想好,然后逐字翻译成英语,造成累赘。例如:
① (误)In my opinion, I think the production and sale of fake commodities should be banned.
(正)I think t he production and sale of fake commodities should be banned.
in my opinion与I think意思完全相同,可以删去其中的一个。
②(误)Scientists are trying to find a solution to solve t he problem of energy shortage.
(正)Scientist s are trying to find a solution to t he problem of energy shortage.
一个词与它的派生词一起出现,造成意思重复,给人以累赘的感觉,改正后的句子变得简洁多了。
③ (误)Waste gas is t he main cause which leads to air pollution.
(正)Waste gas is t he main cause of air pollution.
cause和lead to都表原因,同时使用造成意思重复。
4、逗号连接错误。
中国学生在英语写作中常常单独使用逗号而不用句号、分号、冒号或连结词来连接两个或几个独立的分句。例如:
① (误)The weather was fine, we decided to climb t he mountain.
(正)As the weather was fine, we decided to climb t he mountain.
② (误)The prospects are bright, the road has twist s and t urns.
(正)While the prospects are bright, the road has twist s and t urns.
上面两个标有误的句子在语法上没有错误,它错就错在逗号的使用不当。错误的根源是学生受汉语写作习惯的影响,把汉语逗号的作用等同于英语逗号的作用。在汉语中,逗号可以单独使用在并列分句之间。
(1)变成两个简单句:
The wind was blowing very hard. They couldn’t go boating on t he lake.
(2)变成并列句,用逗号加并列连接:
The wind was blowing very hard they couldn’t go boating on t he lake.
(3)变成并列句,用分号连接:
The wind was blowing very hard; couldn’t go boating on t he lake.
(4)变成并列句,用分号加连接性副连接:
The wind was blowing very hard ,therefore, they couldn’t go boating on lake.
(5)变成并列句,有时也可以用冒接,这时第二个分句解释说明第一个分句
They couldn’t go boating on the lake; the wind was blowing very hard.
(6)变成复合句:
As the wind was blowing very hard they couldn’t go boating on t he lake.
(7)用独立主格结构改写句子:
The wind blowing very hard, they couldn’t go boating on t he lake.
5.犯无主语错误
汉语是突出主题型语言,常可通过话语功能省略主语.这就导致了我国学生英语写作时随意使用无主句.例如:
①完成工作后,我们就回家.
误:We'll go home as~as finish the job.
正:We'll go home as~as we finish the job.
②刚刚下过雪.
误:Just has snowed.
正:It has just snowed.
机械有限公司英文翻译③这里有很多森林,因而伐木业很重要.
误二Here have forests, and lumbering is important.
正:There are forests here, and lumbering is important.
常用无主句是汉语的特点之一而在英语中,只有一些祈使句,感叹句或一些成语中才使用无主句.如:
①向新的胜利前进!
Forward to new victories!
②无风不起浪.
No fire, no smoke.
③少管闲事
Mind your~business.
④打开窗子说亮话.
Put all cards on the table.
6将汉语中的多用句子作主语的习惯迁移到英语中去,造出不合语法的句子.
从句法上说,英语句子严密紧凑,汉语句子简洁明快.就表达的时空而言,汉语遵循"先旧后新,先轻后重"的原则,而英语则相反.根据此原则,汉语多用句子作主语,而英语多用先行词it结构,这使中国学生常陷人语言gap.例如:
1)误:This has happened is not your fawlt.
正;It's not your fawlt that this has happene(.
2)误:A man chooses a wife is a man's business.
正:It's a man's business for him to choose a wife.
在正式文体中为了强凋that一分句的内容,也可将that一分句置于句首,这时从属连词that不能省略,因而上面的句子也可表达成That a man chooses a wife is a man's business.
中国驾照翻译公证7.主题错位
汉语是突出主题型语言,英语是突出主语型语言,中国学生往往找不到句子主题的合适位置.例如:
1)这个人我不认识他.
误:Thi,二,I don's know him
武汉翻译公司地理位置正:I don't know this man.
2)教书,他一窍不通.
误:Teaching, he doesn't know.
正:He doesn't know about teaching.或He is no teacher at all.
